Kubr · Casebook · Counts as of 4 November 2026

How the Kubr casebook is built

Inclusion rules, sources, and summary counts for the 483 public cases in the Kubr casebook.

The Kubr casebook is a public library of 483 corporate-failure cases, 1982 to 2026. It does not contain client work. Each case is built from public records cited on the case page, and is set beside the records checks (codes C1 to C15) that could have surfaced the problem earlier, in hindsight. Many cases are allegations or interim orders, not final findings, and the parties may contest them.

Summary counts

483 cases in total; 455 of them (94%) date from 2000 or later. All counts below describe the cases published in the library on 4 November 2026. They show what is in a curated library, not how common any failure type is in the wider economy.

Cases by market

Market	Cases
United States	114
India	75
United Kingdom	66
European Union	51
Australia	46
Canada	35
Singapore	24
Hong Kong	22
Other countries	50
Total	483

Cases by failure mechanism

A case can carry more than one mechanism, so these counts add up to more than 483.

Mechanism	Cases
Governance failure	271
Regulatory breach	176
Concealed debt	133
Misuse of raised funds	131
Revenue inflation	123
Forged documents	97
Related-party diversion	96
Funding shock	77
Fake customers or vendors	70
Unit economics	42
Double pledge	25
Round-tripping	24

Records checks relevant in hindsight

Each case lists the checks that would have shown a warning sign on the public record or with the company’s consent. That a check was relevant does not mean it would have prevented the loss.

Code	Check	Cases
C11	Governance signals	191
C8	Regulatory & litigation records	191
C7	Third-party confirmation	189
C3	Ownership / related-party links	170
C6	End-use tracing of funds	134
C1	Bank credits vs books	128
C5	Document authenticity / direct pull	115
C10	Operating-metric verification	100
C9	Unit economics & burn	92
C4	Counterparty existence	59
C13	Collateral & double pledge	51
C12	Books edit log (Ledger DNA)	40
C14	Drawing power vs books	20
C15	Avoidance transactions	10
C2	Counterparty tax / GST	8

Recorded outcome

Outcome type is assigned by keyword from each case’s status line, so treat the split as approximate.

Outcome	Cases
Conviction or guilty plea	144
Final order, judgment or penalty	128
Insolvency, liquidation or administration	76
Settlement or compounding	37
Admission	5
Collapse or closure	19
Other recorded outcome	74

Sources

The 483 cases cite 916 source links in total. 310 cases cite at least one regulator, court, exchange or government source; the others rest on press reports, and a press report is not an official finding.

What gets published, and what is held back

Only matters built from public records. Cases that are live, under appeal or not final are not published (see right of reply).
A case is held back, not shown half-empty, unless it has an account of what happened, a timeline, an outcome, who found the problem, and the red flags.
Allegation is kept apart from finding: each case states its status and, where the record is contested, what is agreed and what is disputed.

Limits

Hindsight. The checks are matched to a case after the facts are known. A live review does not have that advantage.
Selection. The library is curated from research, not a random sample. Do not read the counts as base rates.
Not advice. Cases are information, not legal, investment or audit opinion. See what Kubr does and does not do.

Corrections and citing

Anyone named in a case can ask for a correction or add a statement through right of reply, or write to hello@kubr.in. To cite these figures, name the Kubr casebook, link to kubr.in/cases-methodology, and give the date: counts change as cases are added or corrected.